Understanding Wet Scrubbers: Principles, Benefits and Applications

Introduction to Wet Scrubbing Technology

Wet scrubbers are air pollution control systems designed to remove contaminants—especially gases and particulate matter—from industrial exhaust streams. By utilising a scrubbing liquid (typically water or a chemical solution), these systems clean polluted air before it is released into the atmosphere. Wet scrubbers are common in industries such as chemical manufacturing, metal processing, pharmaceuticals, and waste incineration due to their effectiveness at managing a wide range of pollutants.

How Wet Scrubbers Work

At the core of a wet scrubber is the interaction between the polluted gas stream and the scrubbing liquid. The contaminated gas enters the scrubber and is forced into contact with the liquid through mechanisms such as spray nozzles, packed beds, or venturi tubes. As the gas mixes with the liquid, pollutants are absorbed or trapped.

This process is particularly effective for removing:

• Acid gases (such as sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, or ammonia)
• Soluble volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• Fine particulates and aerosols

The cleaned gas is then discharged, while the scrubbing liquid—now containing the absorbed pollutants—is sent to a treatment system or disposal facility.

Types of Wet Scrubbers

Wet scrubbers come in various configurations depending on their intended application and target pollutants. Common …